stadium allianz arena

Allianz Arena [ʔali̯ants ʔaˌʁeːnaː] adalah stadion sepak bola di Munich, Bavaria, Jerman dengan kapasitas tempat duduk 75.000. Dikenal luas untuk panel plastik ETFE yang melonjak, ini adalah stadion pertama di dunia dengan eksterior yang berubah warna. Bertempat di 25 Werner-Heisenberg-Allee di tepi utara kawasan Schwabing-Freimann Munich di Fröttmaning Heath, ini adalah arena terbesar kedua di Jerman di belakang Signal Iduna Park di Dortmund.

Dua klub sepak bola Munich profesional FC Bayern Munich dan TSV 1860 Munich telah memainkan pertandingan kandang mereka di Allianz Arena sejak awal musim 2005-06. Klub sebelumnya telah memainkan pertandingan kandang mereka di Stadion Olimpiade Munich sejak 1972. 1860 Munich sebelumnya memiliki 50% saham di stadion, namun Bayern Munich membeli saham mereka seharga € 11 juta pada bulan April 2006. Pengaturan tersebut memungkinkan 1860 Munich bermain di stadion sementara tetap mempertahankan kepemilikan sampai 2025. Namun, pada bulan Juli 2017 kontrak sewa dihentikan, membuat Bayern Munich satu-satunya penyewa stadion.

Penyedia jasa keuangan besar Allianz membeli hak penamaan ke stadion selama 30 tahun. Namun, nama ini tidak bisa digunakan saat menyelenggarakan acara FIFA dan UEFA, karena badan pengelola ini memiliki kebijakan yang melarang sponsor perusahaan dari perusahaan yang bukan merupakan mitra turnamen resmi. Selama Piala Dunia FIFA 2006, stadion tersebut disebut sebagai FIFA WM-Stadion München (Stadion Piala Dunia FIFA, Munich). Di pertandingan klub UEFA, ia dikenal sebagai Fußball Arena München (Arena Sepak Bola Munich), dan menyelenggarakan final Liga Champions UEFA 2012. Stadion ini dijuluki "Schlauchboot" ("perahu tiup").  Sejak 2012 museum Bayern Munich, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, telah berada di dalam Allianz Arena.

Kapasitas
Berlaku dengan persetujuan modifikasi kota yang diberikan pada 16 Januari 2006, kapasitas hukum stadion meningkat dari 69.000 menjadi 71.000 penonton (termasuk ruang berdiri). Tingkat yang lebih rendah dapat menampung hingga 20.000, tingkat menengah hingga 24.000, dan tingkat atas mencapai 22.000. 10.400 kursi di sudut bawah bisa dikonversi menjadi ruang berdiri untuk memungkinkan 3.120 penonton lagi. Total kapasitas mencakup 2.000 tempat duduk bisnis, 400 kursi untuk pers, 106 kotak mewah dengan tempat duduk hingga 174, dan 165 tempat berlabuh untuk kursi roda dan sejenisnya. Dari paruh kedua musim Bundesliga 2005-06, arena ini mampu menampung 69.901 penonton di liga dan game DFB-Pokal, namun karena peraturan UEFA, kapasitasnya tetap di 66.000 kursi untuk pertandingan UEFA Champions League dan UEFA Cup. Kapasitas Bayern Munich terbatas selama pertandingan liga dan piala mereka menjadi 69.000. Atap parsial menutupi semua kursi, meski angin masih bisa meniup hujan ke beberapa dari mereka. Sebelum musim 2012-13, Bayern Munich mengumumkan bahwa kapasitas telah ditingkatkan menjadi 71.000 untuk pertandingan domestik dan 68.000 untuk pertandingan UEFA, dengan penambahan 2.000 kursi di tingkat atas arena.

Allianz Arena juga menawarkan tiga pusat penitipan anak dan sebuah toko penggemar, FC Bayern Munich Megastore. Barang dagangan ditawarkan di tribun di sepanjang bagian dalam dinding luar di dalam area di belakang tempat duduk. Sejumlah restoran dan tempat makanan cepat saji juga terletak di sekitar stadion.

Ada empat ruang loker tim (satu masing-masing untuk dua tim tuan rumah dan lawan masing-masing), empat ruang ganti pelatih, dan dua ruang ganti untuk wasit. Dua area disediakan dimana atlet dapat melakukan pemanasan (masing-masing sekitar 110 m²). Ada juga 550 toilet dan 190 monitor di arena.

Pada tanggal 28 April 2013, FC Bayern mengumumkan untuk menjual 300 tiket lagi di Südkurve yang dimulai dengan musim Bundesliga 2013-14.

Pada tanggal 21 Januari 2014, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge menyatakan bahwa FC Bayern membahas perluasan lebih jauh Allianz Arena. Sekitar 2.000 kursi baru dipasang di tingkat atas dan sekitar 2.000 tiket lagi dijual di Nord dan Südkurve. Pada bulan Agustus 2014, dilaporkan bahwa perluasan kapasitas telah selesai menuju kapasitas maksimum baru 75.024 di Bundesliga dan 69.334 di pertandingan internasional. Sebuah perluasan disetujui pada bulan Januari 2015 untuk memperluas kapasitas stadion menjadi 75.000 untuk Bundesliga Games dan 70.000 untuk game di Liga Champions.

Konstruksi

Allianz Arena sedang dibangun (Agustus 2004).
Pembangunan stadion dimulai pada tanggal 21 Oktober 2002 dan dibuka secara resmi pada tanggal 30 Mei 2005. Perancang utama adalah arsitek Herzog & de Meuron. Stadion ini dirancang agar pintu masuk utama stadion akan berasal dari lapangan terbuka yang terpisah dari tempat parkir yang terdiri dari tempat parkir bawah tanah terbesar di Eropa. [12] Atap stadion memiliki built-in roller blind yang dapat ditarik bolak-balik selama permainan untuk memberikan perlindungan dari sinar matahari.

Total beton yang digunakan selama konstruksi stadion: 120.000 m³
Jumlah beton yang digunakan untuk garasi parkir: 85.000 m³
Total baja yang digunakan selama konstruksi stadion: 22.000 ton
Total baja yang digunakan untuk garasi parkir: 14.000 ton.

Eksterior bercahaya
Fasad arena dibangun dari 2.874 panel udara ETFE-foil yang terus digelembungkan dengan udara kering hingga tekanan diferensial 3,5 Pa. [13] Panel tampak putih dari jauh tapi ketika diperiksa dengan cermat, ada sedikit titik pada panel. Bila dilihat dari jauh, mata menggabungkan titik-titik dan melihat putih. Jika dilihat close up, mungkin untuk melihat melalui foil. Foil memiliki ketebalan 0,2 mm. Setiap panel dapat dimatikan secara terpisah dengan lampu putih, merah, atau biru. Panel diterangi untuk setiap pertandingan dengan warna tim tuan rumah masing-masing-merah untuk Bayern Munich, biru untuk TSV dan putih untuk tim nasional sepak bola Jerman. Putih juga digunakan saat stadion tersebut menjadi tempat netral, seperti Final UEFA Champions League 2012. Warna lain atau skema pencahayaan multicolour atau interchanging secara teoritis memungkinkan, namun Polisi Munich sangat bersikeras uni-color hanya karena beberapa kecelakaan mobil di Autobahn A9 terdekat dengan pengemudi terganggu oleh lampu yang berubah.
Konsep pencahayaan fasad stadion inovatif Allianz Arena telah diadopsi di tempat lain yang baru dibangun, seperti Stadion MetLife di dekat New York City, yang menyala biru untuk Giants National Football League dan hijau untuk Jets. Dengan biaya listrik untuk penerangan sekitar € 50 (USD $ 75) per jam, konstruksi tersebut mengembangkan luminositas tersebut sehingga pada malam hari yang cerah stadion dapat dengan mudah terlihat bahkan dari puncak gunung Austria, mis. dari jarak 50 mil (80 km)

Transportasi
Pelanggan dapat memarkir mobil mereka di bangunan parkir terbesar di Eropa, terdiri dari empat garasi parkir empat lantai dengan 9.800 tempat parkir. Selain itu, 1.200 tempat dibangun ke dalam dua tingkatan pertama arena, 350 tempat tersedia untuk bus (240 di ujung utara, dan 110 di pintu masuk selatan), dan 130 tempat lebih banyak disediakan untuk penyandang cacat.

The stadium is located next to the Fröttmaning U-Bahn station. This is on the U6 line of the Munich U-Bahn.

Surroundings

From the subway station just south of the arena, visitors approach the stadium through a park that was designed to disentangle and guide them to the entrance. An esplanade rises gradually from ground level at the subway station entrance, practically building the parking garage's cover, to the entrance level of the stadium. On the other side of the Autobahn, the Fröttmaning Hill with its windmill affords a marvellous view on the stadium. Also the Romanesque Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, the oldest structure on the area of the City of Munich designed to serve religious purposes, is located there together with its copy, an artwork in concrete as a reminder for the village of Fröttmaning which disappeared with the construction of the Autobahn.

Owners

The arena was commissioned by the Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH, founded in 2001, and was owned in equal parts by the two football clubs that call it home. The GmbH's CEO was Karl-Heinz Wildmoser, Jr. until the unraveling of the stadium corruption affair (see below). Since then, Bernd Rauch, Peter Kerspe, and Walter Leidecker have led the company. In April 2006, FC Bayern Munich bought out TSV 1860 Munich's 50% share in the arena for a reported €11 million. 1860 managing director Stefan Ziffzer stated that the deal prevented insolvency for the club. The terms of the agreement gave 1860 the right to buy back their 50% share of the arena for the price of sale plus interest anytime before June 2010. In November 2007, 1860 Munich resigned that right. In advance, the income of two friendly-games both clubs shared equally instead of having that money going to Allianz Arena GmbH. Due to financial turbulences of 1860 Munich, Bayern Munich took over all the shares and now owns 100% of the Allianz Arena.

Name

Allianz paid significant sums for the right to lend its name to the stadium for a duration of 30 years. However, as Allianz was not a sponsor of the 2006 World Cup and is not an official UEFA sponsor, the Allianz logo had to be removed during the World Cup and is covered during Champions League games.

Cost

The cost of the construction itself ran to €286 million but financing costs raised that figure to a total of €340 million. In addition, the city and State incurred approximately €210 million for area development and infrastructure improvements.

Reactions

Aerial photo of Allianz Arena with surrounding area shortly before construction was complete (January 2005)

On 14 November 2005 at the annual general meeting, many FC Bayern Munich club members complained about the uncomfortable draft inside the arena. As a result, closable doors were installed and spectators now enjoy watching the games in greater comfort.

The Ultras and many other fans protested at several home games against the seats and some of the rules of the arena which they perceive as "fan unfriendly". For example, a spectator may not enter with a megaphone or a pennant that a single person cannot carry unfurled, and pennant poles with a length of over one metre are prohibited. The complaint is that these rules and the designer seats put a damper on the fan experience. The presence of a large fence and safety nets in front of the southern curve (seat bloc reserved for fans of the FC Bayern Munich) are also often criticized.

These complaints have had some success. From the 2006–07 season, blocks 112 and 113 have been converted into terracing, in the usual German style so that seats can be installed for UEFA and international matches, whose regulations demand seating for all spectators.

History

Seating area of the Allianz Arena

On 21 October 2002, voters went to the polls to determine whether a new stadium should be built in this location and whether the city of Munich should provide the necessary infrastructure. About two thirds of the voters decided in favor of the proposition. An alternative to constructing the new arena had been a major reconstruction of the Olympic Stadium but this option had been refused by its architect Günther Behnisch.

The Swiss architect firm of Herzog & de Meuron then developed the concept of the stadium with a see-through exterior made of ETFE-foil panels, that can be lit from the inside and are self-cleaning. Construction started in the autumn of 2002 and was completed by the end of April 2005.

The Fröttmaning and Marienplatz stations of the subway line U6 were expanded and improved in conjunction with the arena construction. The Fröttmaning subway station was expanded from two to four tracks, while the Marienplatz U-Bahn station was outfitted with additional pedestrian connector tunnels running parallel to the subway tracks, which lead towards the S-Bahn portion of the station, lessening congestion among passengers making connections to the Munich S-Bahn. To be able to handle the additional traffic load, the Autobahn A9 was expanded to three and four lanes going each way and another exit was added to the A99 north of the arena.

On 19 May 2012, the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League final was held at the Allianz Arena. Bayern Munich, who were drawn as home team, was set to play against Chelsea. Chelsea won on penalties after the game had tied 1–1 after regulation and extra time. Bastian Schweinsteiger's penalty hit Petr Čech's left post, and Didier Drogba scored the winning penalty.

On 25 May 2012, Bayern opened a museum about its history, FC Bayern Erlebniswelt, inside the Allianz Arena.

Stadium corruption affair
Between March 2004 and August 2006, a corruption affair relating to the stadium occupied the football world and German courts. On 9 March, Karl-Heinz Wildmoser, Sr., president of TSV 1860 Munich, his son Karl-Heinz Wildmoser, Jr., chief executive officer of Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH, and two others were charged with corruption in connection with the award of arena construction contracts and taken into custody. On 12 March 2004, Wildmoser, Sr. struck a plea bargain and was released. As part of the plea bargain, he relinquished the presidency of the club three days later, and on 18 May, the investigation into his conduct was closed.

His son, Karl-Heinz Wildmoser, Jr., remained in custody. At a bail hearing on 29 June, the judge refused bail on the grounds of danger of flight and obstruction of justice. The District Attorney filed charges on 23 August 2004, accusing him of fraud, corruption and tax evasion. The case was that Wildmoser, Jr. had awarded the construction contract at an inflated price, provided the Austrian builder Alpine with inside information that enabled the builder to win the contract, and in return received €2.8 million.

On 13 May 2005, Karl-Heinz Wildmoser, Jr. was convicted and sentenced by a Munich court to four and a half years in prison. He was released on bail pending his appeal. The Federal Court of Justice rejected the appeal in August 2006.
On 30 May 2005, 1860 Munich played an exhibition game against 1. FC Nürnberg. The next day, the record German champions Bayern Munich played a game against the Germany national team. Both games had been sold out since early March 2005. Patrick Milchraum of TSV 1860 scored the first official goal at the stadium.

On 2 June, in response to high demand, the first "arena derby" took place between the two tenants. That game was won by TSV 1860 with the help of a goal by Paul Agostino.

Prior to opening day the alumni teams of both clubs played each other in an exhibition game in front of a crowd of 30,000 where all stadium functions were thoroughly tested.

The stadium's first goal in a competitive game went to Roy Makaay of FC Bayern in the semi-finals of 2005 DFL-Ligapokal on 26 July 2005. In the same game, Thomas Hitzlsperger of VfB Stuttgart scored the first goal in an official game by a visiting team. The game ended with a 2–1 win for Stuttgart.

The first goal in a league game was scored by Owen Hargreaves of FC Bayern when the home team won 3–0 in its 2005–06 Bundesliga season opener against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 5 August 2005. The first goal in a league game by a visiting team was scored by Dynamo Dresden on 9 September 2005 in the 2. Bundesliga match against 1860 Munich. That game ended in a score of 1–2 in front of a full house which included approximately 20,000 – 22,000 fans who had traveled to Munich from Dresden for the game. Dresden thus became the first visiting team to win a league game at Allianz Arena.

The first goal against FC Bayern Munich in a league game at Allianz Arena was scored by Miroslav Klose of Werder Bremen on 5 November 2005 in the first minute of play. This was to remain the visitors' only goal that day as the game went to the FC Bayern with a final score of 3–1.

FC Bayern broke its consecutive sell-out record by selling out each of its first ten home games at Allianz Arena.